Pulp and paper industry

The pulp and paper industry comprises companies that use wood as raw material and produce pulp, paper, board and other cellulose-based products.
The industry is dominated by North American (United States and Canada), northern European (Finland, Sweden, and North-West Russia) and East Asian countries (such as East Siberian Russia, China, Japan, and South Korea). Australasia and Brazil also have significant pulp and paper enterprises. The United States had been the world's leading producer of paper until it was overtaken by China in 2009.[1]
The industry is criticized by environmental groups like the Natural Resources Defense Council for unsustainable deforestationand clearcutting of old-growth forest.[2] The industry trend is to expand globally to countries like Russia, China and Indonesiawith low wages and low environmental oversight.[3] According to Greenpeace, farmers in Central America illegally rip up vast tracts of native forest for cattle and soybean production without any consequences,[4] and companies who buy timber from private land owners contribute to massive deforestation of the Amazon Rainforest.[5]

Considering that the pulp and paper industry is a practitioner of nanotechnology,[6] then it is easily the world's largest.[7]
List of main countries by production quantity
According to statistic data by RISI, main producing countries of paper and paperboard, not including pulp, in the world are as follows:[8]
Rank
2011 Country Production in 2011
(1,000 ton) Share
2011 Rank
2010 Production in 2010
(1,000 ton)
1 China
99,300 24.9% 1 92,599
2 United States
75,083 18.8% 2 75,849
3 Japan
26,627 6.7% 3 27,288
4 Germany
22,698 5.7% 4 23,122
5 Canada
12,112 3.0% 5 12,787
6 South Korea
11,492 2.9% 8 11,120
7 Finland
11,329 2.8% 6 11,789
8 Sweden
11,298 2.8% 7 11,410
9 Brazil
10,159 2.5% 10 9,796
10 Indonesia
10,035 2.5% 9 9,951
　 World Total 398,975 100.0% 　 394,244
See also: ru:Список стран, производящих бумагу и картон
List of main company groups by production quantity[edit]
The world's main paper and paperboard company groups are as follows. (Some figures are estimates.):[9][citation needed]
Rank Company Group Country Production in 2010
(1,000 ton) Rank by Sales
1 Asia Pulp and Paper
Indonesia
19,000 1
1 International Paper
United States
11,922 2
2 Stora Enso
Finland
10,812 3
3 UPM
Finland
9,914 7
4 Svenska Cellulosa Aktiebolaget
Sweden
8,948 6
5 Smurfit Kappa Group
Ireland
7,650 9
6 Nippon Paper
Japan
7,292 5
7 Nine Dragons Paper
China
7,280 31
8 Sappi
South Africa
6,900 11
9 Oji Paper
Japan
6,861 4
10 Smurfit-Stone Container
United States
5,896 13
11 Abitibi Bowater
Canada
5,318 20
12 NewPage
United States
4,400 23
13 Norske Skog
Norway
3,998 30
14 Mondi
United Kingdom/
South Africa
3,697 10
15 Temple-Inland
United States
3,660 28
16 Lee & Man Paper
China
3,500 46
17 Domtar
Canada
3,482 15
18 Shandong Chenming Paper Holdings
China
3,350 35
19 Cascades
Canada
3,330 22
20 Siam Cement (SCC)
Thailand
3,191 51
List by net sales[edit]
2007[edit]
In 2007, the top 10 forest, paper and packaging products companies were:[10]
Rank Company Country 2007 Net Sales
(US$M) 2007 Net Income (Loss)
(US$M)
1 International Paper
USA
21,890 1,168
2 Stora Enso
Finland
18,322 (291)
3 Kimberly-Clark
USA
18,266 1,822
4 SCA
Sweden
15,675 1,056
5 Weyerhaeuser
USA
13,949 462
6 UPM
Finland
13,748 111
7 Oji Paper
Japan
10,439 146
8 Metsäliitto
Finland
10,507 (12)
9 Nippon Unipac
Japan
9,990 195
10 Smurfit Kappa
Ireland
9,963 202
2008[edit]
In 2008, the top 10 forest, paper and packaging products companies were:[11]
Rank Company Country 2008 Net Sales
(US$M) 2008 Net Income (Loss)
(US$M)
1 International Paper
United States
24,829 (1,282)
2 Kimberly-Clark
United States
19,415 1,690
3 SCA
Sweden
16,965 857
4 Stora Enso
Finland
16,227 (991)
5 UPM
Finland
13,920 (263)
6 Oji Paper
Japan
12,788 114
7 Nippon Unipac
Japan
11,753 55
8 Smurfit Kappa
Ireland
10,390 (73)
9 Metsäliitto
Finland
9,335 (313)
10 Mondi Group
UK/ South Africa
9,466 (310)
Leading manufacturers of capital equipment with over $1 billion in annual revenue for the pulp and paper industry include:

Konular

• Pineapple
• Hawaii Pineapples
• Apricot
• Apricots
• Apricot Crop in Pakistan
• Avocado
• Avocados
• Cultivation of avocados
• Banana plantation
• How bananas are grown
• Plum
• Plums
• Plums Crop in Pakistan
• Red Raspberry Production
• Raspberry
• Rasberries and blackberries: Establishment and management
• Blackberries
• Blueberries
• Blueberry
• Blueberry Production in Manitoba
• Highbush Blueberry Production
• Cherries
• Cherry
• Coconut
• Coconuts: A Sustainable Agricultural Industry?
• Grapes
• Kiwifruit
• Kiwi Farming
• Kiwi fruit cultivation
• Strawberry