Orange, New South Wales

Orange /ˈɒrɪndʒ/ is a city in the Central West region of New South Wales, Australia. It is 254 kilometres (158 mi) west of the state capital, Sydney [206 kilometres (128 mi) on a great circle],[3] at an altitude of 862 metres (2,828 ft). Orange had an estimated urban population of 40,075[1] as of June 2015 making the city a significant regional centre. According to the 2011 census, the key employment sectors within the City of Orange local government area include health care & social assistance, retail and the education & training sector.[4] A significant nearby landmark is Mount Canobolas. With a peak elevation of 1,395 metres (4,577 ft) it gives commanding views of the district.

Orange is the birthplace of world champion tenpin bowler, Jason Belmonteand of poets Banjo Paterson and Kenneth Slessor, although Paterson lived in Orange for only a short time as an infant. Walter W. Stone, book publisher (Wentworth Books) and passionate supporter of Australian literature, was also born in Orange. The first Australian Touring Car Championship, known today as V8 Supercar Championship Series, was held at the Gnoo Blas Motor Racing Circuit in 1960.[5]
Contents
[hide]
• 1History
• 2Industries
• 3Education
o 3.1Primary and Public schools
o 3.2Secondary schools
o 3.3Tertiary education
• 4Churches
• 5Suburbs
• 6Climate
• 7Mining
• 8Winemaking
o 8.1Wineries in Orange
• 9Media
• 10Clubs and entertainment
• 11Water resources
• 12Transport
o 12.1Roads
o 12.2Public transport
o 12.3Air
o 12.4Railways
• 13Sister cities
• 14Notable residents
• 15Attractions
o 15.1Pubs in Orange
o 15.2Clubs in Orange
o 15.3Historic Orange buildings
o 15.4Historic houses
• 16Gallery
• 17See also
• 18References
• 19External links
History
In 1822 Captain Percy Simpson marched into the Wellington District and established a convict settlement which was called "Blackman's Swamp" after James Blackman; Simpson had employed James Blackman as a guide because he had already accompanied an earlier explorer, John Oxley into that region.[6]
In the late 1820s, the surveyor J. B. Richards worked on a survey of the Macquarie River below Bathurst and also of the road to Wellington. On a plan dated 1829, he indicated a village reserve, in the parish of Orange. Sir Thomas Mitchell named the parish Orange, as he had been an associate of the Prince of Orange in thePeninsular War, when both were aides-de-camp to the Duke of Wellington, whose title was bestowed on the valley to the west by Oxley.[7]
Initial occupation by British graziers began in late 1829, and tiny settlements eventually turned into larger towns as properties came into connection with the road. In 1844, the surveyor Davidson was sent to check on encroachments onto the land reserved for a village, and to advise on the location for a township. His choices were Frederick's Valley, Pretty Plains, or Blackman's Swamp.
Blackman's Swamp was chosen, and it was proclaimed a village and named Orange by Major Thomas Mitchell in 1846 in honor of Prince William of Orange. At nearby Ophir, a significant gold find in Australia was made in 1851, resulting in a sporadic population movement which is known as the Australian gold rush. Additional gold finds in nearby areas led to the establishment of Orange as a central trading centre for the gold.
The growth of Orange continued as the conditions were well suited for agriculture, and in 1860 it was proclaimed a municipality. The railway from Sydney reached Orange in 1877. In 1946, 100 years after it was first being established as a village, Orange was proclaimed as a minor city.
Industries
Orange is a well-known fruit growing district, and produces apples, pears, and many stone fruits such as cherries, peaches,apricots, and plums; oranges are not grown in the area, since its climate is too cool. In recent years, a large number ofvineyards have been planted in the area for rapidly expanding wine production. The growth of this wine industry, coupled with the further development of Orange as a gourmet food capital, has ensured Orange's status as a prominent tourism destination.
Other large industries include:
• Cadia gold mine is a large open cut gold and copper mine located about 20 kilometres south of Orange. The mine has been developed throughout the 1990s and is a major employer in the region with an expected lifespan of several decades. Cadia is the second largest open-cut mine in Australia, following the Super Pit at Kalgoorlie, Western Australia. Large mineral deposits are also being uncovered from the more recently developed Ridgeway underground mine which is adjacent to the Cadia Mine.
• An Electrolux white goods factory, who have announced their closure date in 2017.
Orange is also the location of the headquarters of the New South Wales Department of Industry and Investment. (formerly the New South Wales Department of Primary Industries).
Education[edit]
Primary and Public schools[edit]
• St Mary's Catholic Primary School
• Orange Public, opened 1880
• Orange East Public
• Calare Public School • Bletchington Primary School
• Anson Street Public School
• Glenroi Heights Public School
• Bowen Public School • Canobolas Public School
• Clergate Public School
• Catherine McAuley Catholic
• Orange Anglican Grammar School
The following Primary Schools are not within the city limits of Orange but are located within the rural fringe of Orange:
• Spring Hill Public School
• Nashdale Primary School
• Spring Terrace Public School • Clergate Public School
• Borenore Public School • Mullion Creek Public School
Secondary schoolsJames Sheahan Catholic High School.
• Canobolas Rural Technology High School
• Orange Christian School (K–12)
• Kinross Wolaroi School (Prep–12)
• Orange High School
• Orange Anglican Grammar School (Transition 4yrs – 12)
• MET School Orange Campus (3–12)
• De La Salle College (defunct)
Tertiary education[edit]
• A campus of Charles Sturt University is located on the outskirts of northern Orange.
• A large campus of TAFE is also located in Orange.
Orange Regional Conservatorium
ChurchesHoly Trinity Anglican Church
• Orange Uniting Churches
• Orange Baptist Church
• Orange Presbyterian Church
• St Peter's Lutheran Church
• New Life City Church
• Orange Evangelical Church
• Orange Christian Assembly
• Mountain Hope Church
• Salvation Army
• Orange Seventh-day Adventist Church
• Orange Church of Christ
• Slavic Pentecostal Church
• The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints
Suburbs
The following are listed as the suburbs within Orange City Council, according to theNew South Wales Division of Local Government:[8]
• Ammerdown: a residential locality to the north west of Orange on the Mitchell Highway.
• Bletchington: containing mostly residential areas with one school, it is one of the largest residential areas, and it is often split into North Orange and Bletchington. Within the suburb are the Orange Botanic Gardens, the Orange Adventure Playground, and the Waratah Sports Ground.
• Bloomfield: containing farmland, Bloomfield Golf Course, Riverside Mental Institution and Orange Health Service (a major regional hospital) along with the Gosling Creek Reservoir and the Gosling Creek nature reserve.
• Borenore: a locality, 15 km (9 mi) west of Orange, comprising primarily farmland. Also the site of the Australian National Field Days.[9]
• Bowen: containing residential, predominantly public housing, industrial, commercial, Kinross Woloroi School, and government offices, this suburb also has the main road out of Orange to Sydney. It also contains the Orange Showground and the Orange Cemetery.
• Calare: the suburb is located to the west of the CBD. It is mostly a residential area, and contains Calare Public School and Orange High School, and Wentworth Golf Course. It is also commonly split into Calare, Bel-Air and Wentworth Estate and has The Quarry and Towac Park Racecourse. It houses most New Areas of Orange
• Canobolas: this mainly farming and recreation area, contains the Mount Canobolas State recreation area and Mount Canobolas.
• Clifton Grove: containing farmland and large residential blocks, some parts of the estate are down stream from the Suma Park Reservoir and the area also contains the Kinross State Forest.
• Clover Hill: a residential suburb to the north of the CBD.
• Glenroi: a mainly residential area with areas of public housing, along with the Electrolux white goods manufacturing plant. It also contains industrial land in areas surrounding the factory, as well as a more recent industrial area known as Leewood Estate.
• Huntley: a locality south of Orange.
• Lucknow: a small village approximately 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) east of Orange.[10] It is a historic mining town with small residential, small industrial and commercial with most being farmland.
• March: a locality north of Orange.
• Millthorpe: a village south east of Orange. The area constituting a suburb of Orange is constituted of farmland lying to the north west of the village.
• Narrambla: a mainly industrial and farming land area.
• Nashdale: a small but vibrant community located approximately 8 kilometres west of Orange. The community gathers around the local Nashdale Public School and hall. Rich producer of local food and wine.
• Orange: the suburb comprises the central business district of the city, which contains an original grid street plan. The main street of Orange is Summer Street. The CBD can be defined as being the area of the city bounded by Hill, March, Peisley, and Moulder Streets.
• Orange East: beginning on the eastern side of the railway line, Orange East is mostly residential, but contains some light businesses, especially on Summer, Byng, and Willams Streets.
• Orange South: directly to the south of the CBD, beginning past Moulder Street this area contains Wade Park and the Orange Base Hospital.
• Shadforth: a locality to the east of Orange bypassed by the Mitchell Highway that contains Shadforth Quarry.
• Spring Hill: a village to the south-east of Orange.
• Spring Terrace: a locality and small village located south of Orange, centred on the local primary school.
• Springside: a locality to the south of Orange.
• Suma Park: a lightly populated residential area on the eastern outskirts of Orange. It contains Suma Park Reservoir, Orange's main water supply.
• Summer Hill: a lightly populated residential, industrial, and farmland area on the south eastern outskirts of Orange on the Mitchell Highway.
• Warrendine: a mostly residential area with a high school and industrial land. It also has small school farmland and Jack Brabham Park.
Climate
Orange has a mild temperate climate with rainfall distributed fairly evenly throughout the year. Compared with most population centres in Australia it has colder winters, especially in terms of its daytime maximum temperatures. In summer, the average (and absolute) maximum temperatures are also lower than in most inland centres, on account of its elevation.[11]The climate has enabled the area to be a major apple and pear producer, and more recently a centre for cool-weather wine production.[12]
Owing to its inland location the humidity is low in the summer months with the dewpoint typically around 10 °C. Having 99.8 clear days annually,[13] it is still cloudier than the coastal areas of Sydney and Wollongong (104 and 107 clear days, respectively).[14][15] Additionally, it is one of the only cities in Australia to receive regular snow, with moderate to occasionally heavy snowfalls occurring several times each winter. Its claim as Australia's snowiest city is sometimes disputed by Ballaratin Victoria and nearby Lithgow.
[hide]Climate data for Orange Airport

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 37.4
(99.3) 37.5
(99.5) 33.0
(91.4) 29.8
(85.6) 22.0
(71.6) 18.5
(65.3) 17.8
(64) 20.4
(68.7) 25.6
(78.1) 30.7
(87.3) 35.6
(96.1) 35.0
(95) 37.5
(99.5)
Average high °C (°F) 26.0
(78.8) 25.2
(77.4) 22.4
(72.3) 18.3
(64.9) 13.9
(57) 10.4
(50.7) 9.3
(48.7) 10.7
(51.3) 13.7
(56.7) 17.3
(63.1) 20.5
(68.9) 23.9
(75) 17.6
(63.7)
Average low °C (°F) 12.2
(54) 12.3
(54.1) 9.6
(49.3) 6.2
(43.2) 3.6
(38.5) 1.5
(34.7) 0.7
(33.3) 1.4
(34.5) 3.3
(37.9) 5.8
(42.4) 7.9
(46.2) 10.1
(50.2) 6.2
(43.2)
Record low °C (°F) 1.7
(35.1) 2.4
(36.3) −0.5
(31.1) −3.5
(25.7) −6.6
(20.1) −6.5
(20.3) −7.1
(19.2) −5.8
(21.6) −6.0
(21.2) −3.0
(26.6) −1.0
(30.2) −1.0
(30.2) −7.1
(19.2)
Averageprecipitationmm (inches) 84.0
(3.307) 82.4
(3.244) 53.7
(2.114) 52.6
(2.071) 62.5
(2.461) 66.2
(2.606) 88.2
(3.472) 93.6
(3.685) 79.0
(3.11) 78.2
(3.079) 76.0
(2.992) 78.8
(3.102) 895.1
(35.24)
Average rainy days 8.7 8.2 7.2 7.2 10.1 12.4 13.7 13.5 11.6 10.8 10.3 9.0 122.7
Averagerelative humidity (%)
44 49 51 55 63 70 70 65 61 56 53 45 57
Source: [13]

Mining
Cadia-Ridgeway Mine is a large open cut gold and copper mine located about 20 kilometres south of Orange, the mine has been developed throughout the 1990s employing several thousand employees with an expected lifespan of several decades. Cadia is the second largest open cut mine in Australia after the Super Pit at Kalgoorlie. Large mineral deposits are also being uncovered from the more recently developed Ridgeway underground mine which is adjacent to the Cadia Mine.
The mine is operated by Newcrest Mining. Cadia-Ridgeway is one of two gold mines, Newcrest currently operates in Australia, the other being Telfer in Western Australia. The company also owns and operates the Gosowong Mine in Indonesia and the Lihir mine in Papua New Guinea (both gold mines) amongst others .[16]
Winemaking
The Orange wine region is defined as the area above 600m in the local government areas of Orange, Cabonne and Blayney and can be usefully described as a circle around Orange. The Orange region is good for grapegrowing and winemaking due to a combination of geology, soils, climate and temperature. Together these factors combine to produce grapes and wine of distinct flavours and colour. The climate perhaps plays the biggest part in giving Orange some distinct natural advantages – the cool temperatures during most of the growing season coupled with dry autumn conditions are ideal for grape growing.[17]
Wineries in Orange
• Angullong Vineyard
• Belgravia
• Bloodwood
• Borrodell on the Mount
• Brangayne of Orange
• Canobolas Smith
• Cargo Road Winery • Cumulus Estate
• De Salis
• Faisan Estate
• Gordon Hills Estate
• Habitat Vineyard
• Heifer Station Vineyard
• Hedberg Hill
• Highland Heritage • La Colline
• Matison Estate
• Mayfield Vineyard
• Montoro Wines
• Moody's
• Orange Mountain Wines
• Patina
• Philip Shaw • Printhie
• Ross Hill
• Rowlee Wines
• Sassy Wines
• Stockman's Ridge
• Swinging Bridge
• Turner's Vineyard
• Word of Mouth Wines
Wineries that use Orange region grapes in their wines include Brokenwood Wines (Hunter Valley based), Logan (Mudgee), Tamburlaine (Hunter Valley), Gartelmann (Hunter Valley), Windowrie (Central Ranges) and Lowe Wines (Mudgee). In 2007, South Australian based Penfolds winery released the 2007 Penfolds Bin 311 Orange Region Chardonnay.[18]
Media
Orange is served by several radio stations, including 105.1 2GZFM, 105.9 Star FM, FM107.5 Orange Community Radio, 103.5 Rhema FM, HIT Country 88 FM and 2EL 1089AM – a commercial station that gets most of its programming from 2SMin Sydney. The Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) also broadcasts from four radio stations in Orange includingABC Local Radio (2CR) on 549AM and three national networks – ABC Classic FM on 102.7 FM, ABC Radio National on 104.3 FM, and Triple J on 101.9 FM.
The city receives five network television stations – Prime7 (a Seven Network affiliate), WIN TV (a Ten Network affiliate),Southern Cross Nine (a Nine Network affiliate), ABC TV and SBS One. All networks also provide additional digital-only television stations.
Of the three commercial networks, Prime and WIN air 30-minute local news bulletins on weeknights, both produced locally and broadcast from studios outside the region (Canberra and Wollongong, respectively). WIN also produces a statewide late night news bulletin for southern New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory, while Southern Cross Ten provides short local news updates throughout the day.
Subscription television service Foxtel is available in Orange and the surrounding region via satellite.
The local newspapers are the Central Western Daily, the Midstate Observer and Orange City Life.
Clubs and entertainment
Orange has several music clubs which meet regularly. The Orange Blues Club[19] meets at the Victoria Hotel. The Orange Blues Club also hold an annual Blues Music Festival – Black Stump Blues Festival[20] The Orange Jazz Club[21] meets 1st Sunday monthly at the Royal Hotel.
Water resources
Orange has several water sources used for domestic consumption, both currently in use and formerly used. Currently Suma Park Dam and Spring Creek Reservoir are used for domestic water consumption. Two other dams, Lake Canobolas and Gosling Creek Reservoir, were previously used for domestic water consumption however are now used for recreational purposes. The city is currently on Level 2 water restrictions. Orange City Council is undertaking a number of strategies to supplement its supply, including stormwater harvesting.
The first batch of harvested stormwater was released into Suma Park Dam on 21 April 2009. The harvested stormwater was tested by Analytical Laboratory Services, an independent laboratory based in Sydney. ALS tested for 90 potential pollutants. The tests revealed that the water quality met all targets. The first batch contained 14 megalitres. It is believed to be an Australian first for harvesting stormwater for potable use. The hardware is in place, operating rules have been developed and environmental factors and impacts on downstream users have been considered. A three-month trial will ensure all these elements are working together to ensure high water quality and environmental standards are met. There are several phases involved in the commissioning period. The hardware, which includes three separate pumping stations, creek flow monitoring points and advanced electronics including fibre optic cables, will undergo further operating tests. The other elements of the scheme include a weir on Blackmans Swamp Creek, which creates a 3 megalitre pool and the site for the first pump station, a 200 megalitre dam and two 17 megalitre batching ponds.The pumps on the creek transfer stormwater to the 200 megalitre dam at a rate of up to 450 litres per second and are designed to rapidly extract peak storm flows from the creek. The operating rules require that a base flow immediately downstream in the creek must be maintained. The creek flow monitoring points ensure these standards are met. The monitoring station also measures when harvesting can commence. The trigger is flows passing the monitor in Blackmans Swamp Creek exceeding 1000 litres per second.
The local mine, Cadia-Ridgeway Mine, uses the city's treated effluent to supplement its water supply.
Orange is currently planning to implement a pipeline from the Macquarie river to boost the town waters supply. This is hotly debated, and researchers believe that it will endanger threatened wetland areas.[22]
Transport
Roads
Orange is situated on the Mitchell Highway, linking the city to Molong, Wellington, Dubbo and Bourke to the north west, and to Bathurst to the east and from there to Sydney via the Great Western Highway (260 km or 160 mi). Due west are Parkes(100 km or 62 mi) and Forbes (125 km or 78 mi), which is midway along the Newell Highway, running from Brisbane,Queensland to Melbourne, Victoria. In 2007 a bypass road, known as the northern distributor road, was opened for use after decades of planning.
Public transport
Orange Buslines operate a number of routes within the city and a service to the neighbouring city of Bathurst.
NSW TrainLink operate several coach services with connecting train services from Lithgow to Sydney. Australia Wide Coaches operate a daily coach service to Sydney railway station.
Air
Orange is also serviced by a regional-class airport, Orange Airport, located approximately 15 km to the south of the city, in an area known as Huntley.
Railways
Orange has two railway stations. The main station, on the Main Western Line toBourke, was opened in 1877[23] and is served by the daily NSW TrainLink Central West XPT service between Sydney and Dubbo and the weekly Outback Xplorerservice between Sydney and Broken Hill. A smaller station, opened in 1970,[24]known as Orange East Fork, lies on the branch line to Broken Hill and is served by the weekly Indian Pacific service to Perth.

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